The second design aesthetic operations: Western use of traditional design aesthetics and practice law
1. David
Times : Italian Renaissance
Author : Michelangelo
Works: stone carving
Story
David is a masterpiece of Renaissance sculpture created between 1501 and 1504, by the Italian artist Michelangelo. It is 5.17-metre (17.0 ft) marble statue of a standing male nude. The statue represents the Biblicalhero David, a favoured subject in the art of Florence. Originally commissioned as one of a series of statues of prophets to be positioned along the roofline of the east end of Florence Cathedral, the statue was placed instead in a public square, outside the Palazzo della Signoria, the seat of civic government in Florence, where it was unveiled on 8 September 1504.
Because of the nature of the hero that it represented, it soon came to symbolize the defense of civil liberties embodied in the Florentine Republic, an independent city-state threatened on all sides by more powerful rival states and by the hegemony of the Medici family. The eyes of David, with a warning glare, were turned towards Rome.The statue was moved to the Galleria dell'Accademia, Florence, in 1873, and later replaced at the original location by a replica.
Western design aesthetic essence
Value ratio:
Michelangelo lapping skin , blood vessels and joints lines , with emphasis on accurate mathematical foundation and the golden ratio is very human , and therefore the configuration used in the proportion of David, full of courage, strength and stability, as Renaissance style.
Geometric series :
David, like the body type has generally vertical axis of symmetry line , feet naturally fall on the ground , causing the stabilizing force , has great visual beauty . And on the legs and arm posture balanced visually uniform effect, is not completely symmetrical balance , is to make a statue on a solid firm feel , but in doing the processing and visual changes .
Geometric composition :
Each joint of the body, limbs, and even the face , are using the golden ratio composition formed. The composition has a square golden ratio , being circular composition, which is the beginning of the Renaissance is considered to be the most beautiful composition.
Time Series:
David showed a harmonious overall proportion as the United States, is regarded as a symbol of the golden ratio handsome , finished with Zhen stature , elegant posture , muscular and sturdy, the elegant beauty. David can be seen from a visual extension of the line of sight , but also a sense of space, resulting rhythm , and a shrink stretched his arms , legs crescent has also led to the rhythm of the body to show texture and visual harmony .
Cultural codes :
" David, like" delicate symmetry, elegant appearance, calm and poised Italian state momentum , it is appreciated. Renaissance era in 1501-1504 carved by Michelangelo , facial expressions body limbs , poised performance with the power absorbed in looking straight ahead , a firm quiet and restrained. Just as Michelangelo himself said that his sculpture is ' the stone of life imprisonment liberated ' .
David positive appreciation
Viewing angle in backstroke like David , Michelangelo also adjust facial proportions specifically for this purpose , so that the eye receives perspective after the gesture is in line with the proportion .
Looks into the distance vision , it was interpreted as a despised enemy's evil eye.
Hand muscle showed physiological state .
David 's back
2. Sussex chair
Times : Arts and Crafts Movement
Author : William Morris
Works : wood chair
Object Type
This chair was named after a country chair found in Sussex, which inspired the design with the turned frame and rush seat. Similar types of chairs, with imitation bamboo frames and rush seats, were fashionable between 1790 and 1820.
Ownership & Use
William Morris and his wife, Jane, used Sussex chairs in their first home, Red House, Bexleyheath, Kent, from 1860 and subsequently in their London house, Kelmscott House, Hammersmith. Morris's great friend, the artist Edward Burne-Jones (1833-1898) had Sussex armchairs in his studio, as did the sculptor, Alfred Gilbert (1854-1934). Robert Edis recommended this chair as 'excellent, comfortable and artistic' in his influential book, 'Decoration and Furnishing of Town Houses in 1881'. Examples from the Sussex range were supplied for students' rooms at Newnham College, Cambridge, and for galleries in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge.
Trading
The Sussex range of modest seat furniture, which started with this armchair and a single chair, expanded as a result of the commercial success of the design. Eventually it included corner chairs, children's chairs, and settles. A whole page was devoted to the Sussex range in the firm's catalogue, about 1912, where the armchair was priced at 9s 9d (49p). Other firms, particularly Liberty & Co. and Heals, produced their own versions of this popular design.
Western design aesthetic essence
Numerical proportion:
Legs backrest portions with the support of a child is one to one ratio of close to , but in a circular rod to the upper back part of the wide spacing , the lower narrower form ( inverted V type ) , the other hand in the front row the Legs have a small part in the form of large (A -shaped ) , but much less pronounced in the seatback angle , this design is the use of numerical proportions that gives different feelings and visual changes .
Geometric series :
Symmetry, contrast ratio and balance the backrest is divided into four Legs balance , while the other horizontal member geometric effects are balanced , but the vertical bars are designed with a curvature angle to achieve large contrast. Chair overall vertical centerline axis of symmetry , made completely symmetrical design.
Geometric composition :
Overall design of the chair than the average , the center of the rod back with the proportion of the overall design of the seat back in the middle of the band of the reference line , the top of the outward expansion , the contraction of the bottom up , although the same Lace diffusion portion outwardly , but they result in different visual effects , probably due to the small angle downward , the larger the angle of the above reason .
Time Series:
Overall aesthetic harmony of the horizontal axis is the gradient and there was a feeling level rod and rhythmic sense of design to bring out the rod back chairs temperament and character, to comply with the principle of harmonious proportions make the chair though rich layers of rhythm , the gradient change , but do not destroy the chair itself is absolutely symmetrical relationship .
Cultural codes :
In the cultural context of the time arts and crafts cloud holes , William Morris opposed marked the beginning of industrial products , although not absolutely opposed to industrial production, but then because of industrial production and the promotion of Mannerism feel disgust and hope to improve , so the chair of Sussex production is based on the insistence of the hand-made crafts.
Red House
3.Violin
Times : After many years
Author : Unknown
Works: Violin wood instrument
The violin, also known as a fiddle, is a string instrument, usually with four strings tuned in perfect fifths. It is the smallest, highest-pitched member of the violin family of string instruments, which also includes the viola, thecello and the double bass.
Someone who plays the violin is called a violinist or a fiddler. The violinist produces sound by drawing a bow across one or more strings (which may be stopped by the fingers of the other hand to produce a full range of pitches), by plucking the strings (with either hand), or by a variety of other techniques. The violin is played by musicians in a wide variety of musical genres, including Baroque music, classical, jazz, folk music, rock and roll, and soft rock. The violin has come to be played in many non-Western music cultures all over the world.
Western design aesthetic essence
Value ratio:
In the field of music ,there are mathematical methods by the fundamental frequency of vibration of a violin string derived to enhance the quality of music teaching stringed instruments .Pythagorean Theorem and the golden ratio are commonly used in proportion to the value of the instrument .
Geometric series :
The overall shape of the violin sound mining vertical axis as the center of the Order of the absolute symmetry patterns , not to the shape of the main considerations but referred only to adjust the strings to adjust the instrument components . Beautiful violin shape Health Exhibition reason not to styling, but to produce the best tone to listen to , but the tone itself and numerical proportions have a close relationship , and therefore the shape of a violin 's sound balance , symmetrical proportions patterns .
Geometric composition :
Vertical members on the grounds of the violin radiating down the center line , but at the end of the contraction in the final deal , vertical bars , speakers shape composed of two curved compared , the next big small , showing the perfect ratio , and two curved connection is based on a symmetrical arc phase , creating a beautiful violin lines and proportions .
Time Series:
Rhythmic patterns violin sense , one of the most Youyi speaker modeling rhythmic , dynamic and smooth feeling , rod there are aesthetic effect gradient changes to the radiation of the main strings . The overall shape of the violin , but rich and harmonious feeling from the rod to the speaker's tone is consistent throughout the body .
Cultural codes :
First appeared in the era of the Byzantine Empire , after 300 years , the last also flourished in Europe With this complete violin development , after many different regions, cultures and heritage craftsmen , and most importantly, are closely associated with the style and tone , now bring the faces of the violin , so in addition to the violin patterns , textures affect cultural meaning , the sound of the instrument is causing the greatest impact on the violin element modeling .
Violin positive side , the back
Head spiral shape
Handmade violin throughout the manufacturing technology
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